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Retrieved 1 August 2014. Suites and studios are large and luxurious, but few in number. In the late afternoon this small place can be stuffed, but everything can be had as takeaway.

Many restaurants are closed for extensive periods throughout the year; usually in the summer months or Jan-Feb, so be sure to check in advance if you plan to visit a specific place. Tell them to do the same. Asian-style restaurants, and especially sushi restaurants, are plentiful.

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This article is about the city in Denmark. For the convention on public participation, see. For the meteorite, see. Aarhus Danish: ; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 31 December 2010 is the second-largest city in and the seat of. It is located on the east coast of the peninsula, in the geographical centre of Denmark, 187 kilometres 116 mi northwest of and 289 kilometres 180 mi north of , Germany. The inner urban area contains 273,077 inhabitants as of 1 January 2018 and the municipal population is 340,421 as of 2018. Aarhus is the central city in the , which had a total population of 1. The city was founded on the northern shores of at a and the primary driver of growth was for centuries seaborne trade in agricultural products. In the 19th century it was occupied twice by German troops during the but avoided destruction. As the took hold, the city grew to become the second-largest in the country by the 20th century. Today, Aarhus is at the cultural and economic core of the region and the largest centre for trade, services and industry in Jutland. The city ranks as the 92nd largest city in the , and as among. It is also a top 100 city in the world. Aarhus is the principal industrial port of the country in terms of container handling and an important trade hub in. Major Danish companies have based their headquarters here and people commute for work and leisure from a wide area in. It is a centre for research and education in the and home to , 's largest university, including and. Being the Danish city with the youngest demographics, with 48,482 inhabitants aged under 18, Aarhus is also the second fastest growing Danish city, with an average growth of 4,500 people per annum since 2008. Aarhus is known for its musical history. In the 1950s many clubs sprang up around the city, fuelled by the young population. By the 1960s, the music scene diversified into rock and other genres. In the 1970s and 1980s, Aarhus became the centre for Denmark's rock music fostering many iconic bands such as and. Aarhus is home to the annual eight-day , the and the. In 2017, Aarhus has been selected as along with in Cyprus. In August 2018, Aarhus will host the. In 1231 the city was called Arus, and in Icelandic it was known as Aros, later written as Aars. The name originates from the city's location around the mouth of Aarhus Å. Some Danish cities resisted the new spelling of their names, notably and. Århus city council explicitly embraced the new spelling, as it was thought to enhance an image of progressiveness. The renaming came into effect on 1 January 2011. It is still grammatically correct to write geographical names with the letter Å and local councils are allowed to use the Aa spelling as an alternative. Whichever spelling local authorities choose, most newspapers and public institutions will accept it. Model of the early fortified Viking town Aros. Founded in the early , Aarhus is one of the oldest cities in Denmark, along with and. Archaeological evidence under the Aros settlement's defences indicate the site was a town as early as the last quarter of the 8th century, considerably earlier than had been generally supposed. Discoveries after a 2003 archaeological dig unearthed half-buried , firepits, glass pearls and a road dated to the late 700s. Archaeologists have conducted several excavations in the inner city since the 1960s revealing wells, streets, homes and workshops. In the buildings and adjoining archaeological layers, everyday utensils like combs, jewellery and basic multi-purpose tools from approximately the year 900 have been found. The centre of Aarhus was once a until Aarhus's first church, Holy Trinity Church, a timber structure, was built upon it during the reign of , King of Jutland, around 900. In the 900s an earth rampart for the defence of the early city was constructed, encircling the settlement, much like the defence structures found at elsewhere. The rampart was later reinforced by , and together with the town's geographical placement, this suggests that Aros was an important trade and military centre. There are strong indications of a former royal residence from the Viking Age in , a few kilometres south of the Aarhus city centre. The bishopric of Aarhus dates back to at least 948 when reported the bishop attended the in Germany. The bishopric and the town's geographical location propelled prosperous growth and development of the early medieval town. The finding of six in and around Aarhus indicates the city had some significance around the year 1000, as only wealthy nobles traditionally used them. The era was turbulent and violent with several naval attacks on the city, such as 's assault around 1050, when the Holy Trinity Church was burned to the ground. Middle Ages Aarhus Cathedral 1300 The growing influence of the Church during the gradually turned Aarhus, with its bishopric, into a prosperous religious centre. Many public and religious buildings were built in and around the city; notably was initiated in the late 12th century by the influential bishop. In 1441, issued the oldest known charter granting market town status although similar privileges may have existed as far back as the 12th century. The charter is the first official recognition of the town as a regional power and is by some considered Aarhus's birth certificate. The official and religious status spurred growth so in 1477 the defensive earthen ramparts, ringing the town since the Viking age, were abandoned to accommodate expansion. Parts of the ramparts are still in existence today and can be experienced as steep slopes at the riverside and they have also survived in some place names of the inner city, including the streets of The Rampart and The Moat. Aarhus grew to become one of the largest cities in the country by the early 16th century. In 1657, was imposed in larger Danish cities which changed the layout and face of Aarhus over the following decades. Wooden city walls were erected to prevent smuggling, with gates and toll booths on the major thoroughfares, and. The city gates funnelled most traffic through a few streets where merchant quarters were built. In the 17th century, Aarhus entered a period of recession as it suffered blockades and bombardments during the and trade was dampened by the preferential treatment of the capital by the state. It was not until the middle of the 18th century growth returned in large part due to trade with the large agricultural around the city; particularly grain proved to be a remunerative export. The first factories were established at this time as the reached the country and in 1810 the harbour was expanded to accommodate growing trade. Industrialisation View of Aarhus, 1850 Following the , Denmark lost Norway and was excluded from international trade for some years which caused a recession for Aarhus's trade-based economy that lasted until the 1830s. The economy turned around as the reached the city and factories with steam-driven machinery became more productive. In 1838, the electoral laws were reformed leading to elections for the 15 seats on the city council. The rules were initially very strict allowing only the wealthiest citizens to run. In the 1844 elections only 174 citizens qualified out of a total population of more than 7,000. The first city council, mainly composed of wealthy merchants and industrialists, quickly looked to improve the harbour, situated along the. Larger ships and growing freight volumes made a river harbour increasingly impractical. In 1840, the harbour was moved to the coast, north of the river where it became the largest industrial harbour outside Copenhagen over the following 15 years. From the outset, the new harbour was controlled by the city council, as it is to this day. Prussian soldiers herding cattle by Aarhus cathedral, 1864 During the Aarhus was occupied by German troops from 21 June to 24 July 1849. The city was spared any fighting, but in north of the city a cavalry skirmish known as took place which stopped the German advance through Jutland. The war and occupation left a notable impact on the city as many streets, particularly in , are named after Danish officers of the time. Fifteen years later, in 1864, the city was occupied again, this time for seven months, during the. In spite of wars and occupation the city continued to develop. In 1851, was abolished and the city walls were removed to provide easier access for trade. Regular links with Copenhagen had begun in 1830 and in 1862 Jutland's first railway was established between Aarhus and. Toldkammeret Custom House, 1898 In the second half of the 19th century industrialisation came into full effect and a number of new industries emerged around production and refinement of agricultural products, especially oil and butter. Many companies from this time would come to leave permanent iconic marks on Aarhus. The was established in 1856 and served as Aarhus's local brewery for more than 150 years, gradually expanding into an industrial district known as Ceres-grunden lit. In 1896 local farmers and businessmen created KFK , focused on grain and. KFK established departments all over the country, while its headquarters remained in Aarhus where its large grain silos still stand today. The industry became an important employer, with factory employees increasing from 100 in 1896 to 1,000 in 1931, effectively transforming the city from a regional trade hub into an industrial centre. Other new factories of note included the , the and the. The population increased from 15,000 in 1870 to 52,000 in 1901 and, in response, the city annexed large land areas to develop new residential quarters such as , and. Many of its cultural institutions were also established at this time such as 1900 , the original 1902 , 1928 and several hospitals. Second World War Some of the devastated buildings from the accidental at the harbour On 9 April 1940, Germany invaded Denmark, occupying Aarhus the following day and 5 years hence. The occupation was a destructive period with major disasters, loss of life and economic depression. The became a hub for supplies to the and while the surrounding rail network supplied the in west Jutland and cargo headed for Germany. Combined, these factors resulted in a strong German presence, especially in 1944—45. The first years were peaceful in conjunction with the policies of the Danish , but following the enactment of the in August 1941, the first armed resistance and sabotage commenced, gradually growing in intensity over the years with repression and terror in response. Resistance fighters on fighting with German soldiers, 5 May 1945 Small, independent first appeared in 1941—42 but the first to co-ordinate with the was the , responsible for most operations from early 1943. The Samsing group, along with others in and around Aarhus, was dismantled in June 1944 when turned her family and acquaintances over to German authorities. In response, requests for assistance was sent to contacts in England and in October 1944 the successfully destroying archives and obstructing the ongoing investigation. The group was established with assistance from to restore a resistance movement in Aarhus along with the , tasked with assassinating collaborators. Resistance operations escalated from mid-1944 with most major sabotage operations and assassinations occurring in the period 1944—45. The growing resistance was countered with 19 terror operations by the from August 1944, including large-scale fire bombings and murders. The increasingly destructive occupation was compounded when an in 1944, destroying much of the harbour and damaging the inner city. On 5 May 1945 German forces in Denmark surrendered but during the transitional period fighting broke out in Aarhus between the resistance and German soldiers resulting in 22 dead. Order was restored by the end of the day and on 8 May the British entered the city. Workers gradually began commuting to the city from most of east and central Jutland as the region became more interconnected. The student population tripled between 1965 and 1977 turning the city into a Danish centre of research and education. The growing and comparably young population initiated a period of creativity and optimism; and the school were founded in 1983 and 1991 respectively, and Aarhus was at the centre of a renaissance in Danish rock and pop music launching bands and musicians such as , , , , , and. The 2000s Urban development in Aarhus city centre, 2013 Since the turn of the millennium, Aarhus has seen an unprecedented building boom with many new institutions, infrastructure projects, city districts and recreational areas. Several of the construction projects are among the largest in Europe, such as the DNU and the harbourfront redevelopment. Both the skyline and land use of the inner city is changing as former industrial sites are being redeveloped into new city districts and neighbourhoods. Starting in 2008, the former docklands known as De Bynære Havnearealer The Peri-urban Harbour-areas , and closest to the city seaside, are being converted to new mixed use districts. It is among the largest harbourfront projects in Europe. The northern part dubbed Aarhus Ø is almost finished as of 2018, while the southern district dubbed Sydhavnskvarteret The South-harbour neighbourhood is only starting to be developed. The adjacent site of Frederiks Plads at the former repair facilities have been under construction since 2014 as a new business and residential quarter. The main bus terminal close-by is planned to be moved to the central railway station and the site will be redeveloped to a new residential neighbourhood. Elsewhere in the inner city, at the site of the former , the new mixed use district of began redevelopment in 2012. It comprise residential and business buildings and educational institutions. Construction of , the first system in the country, commenced in 2013, and the first increment was finished in December 2017. The light rail system is planned to eventually tie many of the suburbs closer to central Aarhus. The next phase will connect to the towns of and as well as local lines to in the east and a large planned suburb west of to the north. Accelerating growth since the early 2000s, brought the inner urban area to roughly 260,000 inhabitants by 2014. The rapid growth is expected to continue until at least 2030 when Aarhus municipality has set an ambitious target for 375,000 inhabitants. Aerial view of the bay and city Aarhus is located at the facing the sea in the east with the peninsulas of and across the bay to the northeast. Mols and Helgenæs are both part of the larger regional peninsula of. A number of larger cities and towns is within easy reach from Aarhus by road and rail, including 38. Topography At Aarhus's location, the Bay of Aarhus provides a natural harbour with a depth of 10 m 33 ft quite close to the shore. Aarhus was founded at the mouth of a brackish water , but the original fjord no longer exists, as it has gradually narrowed into what is now the and the , due to natural. The land around Aarhus was once covered by forests, remains of which exist in parts of to the south and to the north. Several lakes extend west from the inner city as the landscape merges with the larger region of with heights exceeding 152 metres 499 ft at between and. The highest natural point in Aarhus Municipality is Jelshøj at 128 metres above sea level, in the southern district of. The hilltop is home to a barrow shrouded in local myths and legends. The hilly area around Aarhus consists of a from the last ice age, broken by a complex system of. The most prominent valleys of this network are the Aarhus Valley in the south, stretching inland east-west with the Aarhus River, Brabrand Lake, Årslev Lake and Tåstrup Lake, and the to the north, with the stream of , , the bog of and. Most parts of the two valleys have been drained and subsequently farmed, but in the early 2000s some of the drainage was removed and parts of the wetlands were restored for environmental reasons. The valley system also includes the stream of Lyngbygård Å in the west and valleys to the south of the city, following erosion channels from the. By contrast, the Aarhus River Valley and the Giber River Valley are late. The coastal cliffs along the Bay of Aarhus consist of shallow clay from the and 57 to 24 million years ago. Climate Climate chart J F M A M J J A S O N D 30 Average max. Temperature varies a great deal across the seasons with a mild spring in April and May, warmer summer months from June to August, frequently rainy and windy autumn months in October and September and cooler winter months, often with frost and occasional snow, from December to March. The city centre experiences the same climatic effects as other larger cities with higher wind speeds, more fog, less precipitation and higher temperatures than the surrounding, open land. Western winds from the Atlantic and are dominant resulting in more precipitation in western Denmark. In addition, Jutland rises sufficiently in the centre to lift air to higher, colder altitudes contributing to increased precipitation in eastern Jutland. Combined, these factors make east and south Jutland comparatively wetter than other parts of the country. Average temperature over the year is 8. Temperatures in the sea can reach 17—22 °C 63—72 °F in June to August, but it is not uncommon for beaches to register 25 °C 77 °F locally. The geography in the area affects the local climate of the city with the Aarhus Bay imposing a temperate effect on the low-lying valley floor where central Aarhus is located. The sandy ground on the valley floor dries up quickly after winter and warms faster in the summer than the surrounding hills of moist-retaining. These conditions affect crops and plants that often bloom 1—2 weeks earlier in the valley than on the northern and southern hillsides. Because of the northern latitude, the number of daylight hours varies considerably between summer and winter. On the summer solstice, the sun rises at 04:26 and sets at 21:58, providing 17 hours 32 minutes of daylight. On the winter solstice, it rises at 08:37 and sets at 15:39 with 7 hours and 2 minutes of daylight. The difference in the length of days and nights between the summer and winter solstices is 10 hours and 30 minutes. Climate data for East Jutland 1961—1990 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C °F 2. Aarhus is the seat of Aarhus Municipality, and Aarhus City Council Aarhus Byråd is also the municipal government with headquarters in. The Mayor of Aarhus until 2021 is of the. Municipal elections are held every fourth year on the third Tuesday of November. The city council consists of 31 members elected for four-year terms. When an election has determined the composition of the council, it elects a mayor, two deputy mayors and five from their ranks. Anyone who is eligible to vote and who resides within the municipality can run for a seat on the city council provided they can secure endorsements and signatures from 50 inhabitants of the municipality. The first publicly elected mayor of Aarhus was appointed in 1919. In the the current Aarhus municipality was created by merging 20 municipalities. Aarhus was the seat of until the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which substituted the Danish counties with five regions and replaced Aarhus County with Region Midtjylland , seated in. Subdivisions Aarhus Municipality has 45 and in four for the national Parliament. The has four composed of 60 parishes within Aarhus municipality. Aarhus municipality contains 21 and some parts of another 9. The urban area of Aarhus and the immediate suburbs are divided into the districts , , , , and. The lakes and wetlands of Årslev Engsø and were re-established in the 2000s to help manage the water cycle. Aarhus has increasingly been investing in and, in accordance with national policy, aims to be CO2-neutral and independent of for heating by 2030. The municipal power plants were adapted for this purpose in the 2010s. In 2015, the municipality took over three private -fired heating plants and the year after, a new 77 biomass plant at was completed while finished a refit to move from coal to wood chips. In conjunction with the development of the there are plans for a utility scale seawater which will take advantage of fluctuating electricity prices to supply the system. The municipality aims for a coherent and holistic administration of the to protect against or clean up previous pollution and encourage and self-sufficiency. The main issues are , adapting to increasing levels of precipitation brought on by , and securing the water supply. These goals have manifested in a number of large water treatment projects often in collaboration with private partners. In the 2000s, underground rainwater basins were built across the city while the two lakes and were created in 2003 and 2006 respectively. The number of plants is planned to be reduced from 17 to 2 by 2025 as the treatment plants in Marselisborg and Egå are scheduled for expansion to take over all waste water treatment. They have already been refitted for production to become net producers of electricity and heat. To aid the new treatment plants, and avoid floodings, sewage and throughout the municipality is planned to be separated into two different drainage systems. Construction began in 2017 in several areas, but it is a long process and is scheduled to be finished by 2085. In 2000, the first project, the , was completed, which aimed to double the forest cover in the municipality and, in 2009, another phase was announced to double forest cover once more before the year 2030. The afforestation plans were realised as a local project in collaboration with private landowners, under a larger national agenda. Other projects to expand natural habitats include a effort in and continuous monitoring of the four areas in the municipality. Less than a fifth of the municipal population resides beyond city limits and almost all live in an urban area. The population of Aarhus is both younger and better-educated than the national average which can be attributed to the high concentration of educational institutions. More than 40% of the population have an academic degree while only some 14% have no secondary education or trade. The largest age group is 20- to 29-year-olds and the average age is 37. Women have slightly outnumbered men for many years. Population 1672—2014 The city is home to 75 different religious groups and denominations most of which are Christian or Muslim with a smaller number of Buddhist and Hindu communities. Since the 1990s there has been a marked growth in diverse new spiritual groups although the total number of followers remains small. The majority of the population are members of the Protestant state church, , which is by far the largest religious institution both in the city and the country as a whole. Some 20% of the population are not officially affiliated with any religion, a percentage that has been slowly rising for many years. Aarhus has the highest ratio of immigrants in Denmark, 14. During the 1990s there was significant immigration from Turkey and in recent years, there has been high growth in the overall immigrant community, from 27,783 people in 1999 to 40,431 in 2008. The majority of immigrants have roots outside Europe and the developed world, comprising some 25,000 people from 130 different nationalities, with the largest groups coming from the Middle East and north Africa. Some 15,000 have come from within Europe, with Poland, Germany, Romania and Norway being the largest contributors. Many immigrants have established themselves in , and , where the percentage of inhabitants with foreign origins has risen by 66% since the year 2000. This has resulted in several 'especially vulnerable residential areas' a. In Brabrand and Gellerup, two-thirds of the population now have a non-Danish ethnic background. The international cultures present in the community are an obvious and visible part of the city's daily life and contribute many cultural flavours hitherto uncommon for the Nordic countries, including , a market with shopkeepers predominantly of foreign descent. Headquarters of The economy of Aarhus is predominantly knowledge- and service-based, strongly influenced by the and the large healthcare industry. The service sector dominates the economy and is growing as the city transitions away from manufacturing. Trade and transportation remain important sectors, benefiting from the large port and central position on the rail network. Manufacturing has been in slow but steady decline since the 1960s while agriculture has long been a marginal sector within the municipality. The municipality is home to 175,000 jobs with some 100,000 in the private sector and the rest split between state, region and municipality. The region is a major , with many large farms in the outlying districts. People commute to Aarhus from as far away as , and and almost a third of those employed within the Aarhus municipality commute from neighbouring communities. Aarhus is a centre for retail in the Nordic and Baltic countries, with expansive shopping centres, the busiest commercial street in the country and a dense urban core with many speciality shops. The job market is knowledge and service based and the largest employment sectors are healthcare and social services, trade, education, consulting, research, industry and telecommunications. The municipality has more high and middle income jobs, and fewer low income jobs, than the national average. Today the majority of the largest companies in the municipality are in the sectors of trade, transport and media. The wind power industry has strong roots in Aarhus, and the larger region of , and nationally most of the revenue in the industry is generated by companies in the greater Aarhus area. The wind industry employs about a thousand people within the municipality making it a central component in the local economy. The biotech industry is well established in the city with many small and medium-sized companies mainly focused on research and development. Several major companies have their headquarters in Aarhus such as , one of the largest dairy groups in Europe, , Denmark's largest retailer, , a worldwide retailer specialising in household goods, bedding, furniture and interior design, , one of the major wind turbine developers worldwide, and several leading retail companies. In total, four of the 10 largest companies in the country are based in the municipality. Since the early 2000s, the city has experienced an influx of larger companies moving from other parts of the Jutland peninsula. Other large employers of note include Krifa a organisation and 5R, a company, while metallurgy and electronics remain important sectors. Port of Aarhus Aarhus Container port The Port of Aarhus is one of the largest industrial ports in northern Europe with the largest container terminal in Denmark, processing more than 50% of Denmark's container traffic and accommodating the largest container vessels in the world. It is a municipal self-governing port with independent finances. The facilities handle some 9. Grain is the principal export, while , stone, cement and coal are among the chief imports. Since 2012 the port has faced increasing competition from the and freight volumes have decreased somewhat from the peak in 2008. The ferry terminal presents the only alternative to the for passenger transport between Jutland and. It has served different ferry companies since the first steamship route to Copenhagen opened in 1830. Currently operates the route and annually transports some 2 million passengers and a million vehicles. Additional cargo ferries serve and on a weekly basis and smaller outlying Danish ports at irregular intervals. Since the early 2000s the port has increasingly become a destination for cruise lines operating in the. Tourism in the harbour The , the and are among Denmark's. With a combined total of almost 1. The city's extensive shopping facilities are also said to be a major attraction for tourists, as are festivals, especially and. Many visitors arrive on cruise ships: in 2012, 18 vessels visited the port with over 38,000 passengers. In the 2010s there has been a significant expansion of tourist facilities, culminating in the opening of the 240-room Comwell Hotel in July 2014, which increased the number of hotel rooms in the city by 25%. Some estimates put the number of visitors spending at least one night as high as 750,000 a year, most of them Danes from other regions, the remainder coming mainly from Norway, Sweden, northern Germany and the United Kingdom. The primary motivation for tourists choosing Aarhus as a destination is experiencing the city and culture, family and couples vacation or as a part of a round trip in Denmark. The average stay is little more than three days on average. There are more than 30 tourist information spots across the city, some of them staffed, while others are on-line, publicly accessible touch screens. The official tourist information service in Aarhus is organised under VisitAaarhus, a corporate foundation initiated in 1994 by Aarhus Municipality and local commercial interest organisations. Research parks , a department of INCUBA Science Park The largest research park in Aarhus is , focused on and , It is based on Denmark's first research park, Forskerpark Aarhus Research Park Aarhus , founded in 1986, which in 2007 merged with another research park to form INCUBA Science Park. The organisation is owned partly by and private investors and aims to foster close relationships between public institutions and startup companies. It is physically divided across 4 locations after a new department was inaugurated in in 2015, which it will share with the and. Another major centre for knowledge is in , established to facilitate co-operation between companies and public institutions working within food science and agriculture. In January 2017 will open the global innovation centre Arla Nativa in Agro Food Park and in 2018 Aarhus University is moving the Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture there as well. In 2016 some 1000 people worked at Agro Food Park, spread across 50 companies and institutions and in August 2016 Agro Food Park management published plans to expand facilities from 92. In addition, Aarhus is home to the , one of two Danish institutions that provide degree programs in architecture, and some of the largest architecture firms in the such as , and. Taken together these organisations form a unique concentration of expertise and knowledge in architecture outside Copenhagen which the Danish Ministry of Business and Growth refer to as arkitekturklyngen the architecture cluster. In the interim the city council supports a culture, business and education centre in the area which may continue in the future neighbourhood in some form. The future occupants of the neighbourhood will be businesses and organisations selected for their ability to be involved in the local community and it is hoped the area will evolve into a hotspot for creativity and design. Panoramic view of the Aarhus skyline, seen from the top of Aarhus has developed in stages, from the Viking age to modern times, all visible in the city today. Many architectural styles are represented in different parts of the city such as , , , , , , , , and. The city has grown up around the main transport hubs, the river, the harbour and later the railway station, and as a result, the oldest parts of the city are also the most central and busiest today. The streets The Rampart and The Moat testify to the defences of the initial Viking settlement and Allégaderingen in roughly follows the boundaries of that settlement. The street network in the formed during the Middle Ages with narrow, curved streets and low, dense housing by the river and coast. Vesterport Westward Gate still bears the name of a medieval city gate and the narrow alleyways Posthussmøgen and Telefonsmøgen are remnants of toll stations from that time. The inner city has the oldest preserved buildings, especially the , with houses dating back to the early 17th century in and. Medieval merchants' mansions with courtyards can be seen in , and Skolegade. By far, the largest part of the present day city was built during and after the industrialization of the late 1800s and the most represented architectural styles are and , especially Danish functionalism of which there are many fine examples. Landmarks Bispetorv in the historic centre Århus Domkirke in the centre of Aarhus, is the longest and tallest church in Denmark at 93 m 305 ft and 96 m 315 ft in length and height respectively. Originally built as a basilica in the 13th century, it was rebuilt and enlarged as a cathedral in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Even though the cathedral stood finished around 1300, it took more than a century to build; the associated cathedral school of was already founded in 1195 and ranks as the. Another important and historic church in the inner city, is the Vor Frue Kirke also from the 13th century in Romanesque and Gothic style. It is smaller and less impressive, but it was the first cathedral of Aarhus and founded on an even older church constructed in 1060; the oldest stone church in Scandinavia. Parts of this former church were excavated in the 1950s and can now be experienced as a crypt beneath the nave of Vor Frue Kirke. Marselisborg Slot , designed by in and styles, was donated by the city to and as a wedding present in 1898. The Toldkammeret from 1898, is said to be Hack Kampmann's finest work. Tivoli Freedom opened in 1903 and has since been the largest amusement park in the city and a tourist attraction. The early buildings of , especially the main building completed in 1932, designed by , and by have gained an international reputation for their contribution to. The Aarhus Rådhus from 1941 with an iconic 60 m 200 ft tower clad in marble, was designed by and in a modern Functionalist style. Aarhus is home to many annual cultural events and festivals, museums, theatres, and sport events of both national and international importance, and presents some of the largest cultural attractions in Denmark. There is a long tradition here in music of all genres and many Danish bands have emerged from Aarhus. Libraries, cultural centres and educational institutions present free or easy opportunities for the citizens to participate in, engage in, or be creative with cultural events and productions of all kinds. Since 1938, Aarhus has marketed itself as Smilets by City of smiles which has become both an informal moniker and official slogan. Other slogans that have occasionally been used are Byen ved havet City by the sea , Mellem bugt og bøgeskov Between bay and beechwood and Verdens mindste storby World's smallest big city. Aarhus is featured in popular musical numbers such as Hjem til Aarhus by , Lav sol over Aarhus by , 8000 Aarhus C by , Pigen ud af Aarhus by and Slingrer ned ad Vestergade by. Museums Aarhus has a range of museums, including in the country, measured by the number of paying guests, and. Den Gamle By The Old Town , officially Danmarks Købstadmuseum Denmark's Market Town Museum , presents Danish townscapes from the 16th century to the 1970s with individual areas focused on different time periods. ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, the city's main art museum is one of the largest art museums in Scandinavia with a collection covering Danish art from the 18th century to the present day as well as paintings, installations and sculptures representing international and artists from all over the world. The iconic glass structure on the roof, Your Rainbow Panorama, was designed by and features a promenade offering a colourful panorama of the city. The specialises in and in collaboration with Aarhus University with exhibits on Denmark's , including weapon sacrifices from and the. The Besættelsesmuseum presents exhibits illustrating the of the city during the ; the University Park on the campus of includes the with 5,000 species of animals, many in their natural surroundings; and the is a museum of the and with a. Aarhus Art Hall hosts exhibitions of contemporary art including painting, sculpture, photography, performance art, film and video. Strictly speaking it is not a museum but an , and one of the oldest in Europe, built and founded in 1917. Libraries and community centres at the harbour front Libraries in Denmark are also cultural and community centres. They play an active role in the cultural life and host many events, exhibitions, discussion groups, workshops, educational courses and facilitate everyday cultural activities for and by the citizens. In June 2015, the large central library and cultural centre of opened at the harbour front. Dokk1 also includes civil administrations and services, commercial office rentals and a large underground robotic car park and aims to be a landmark for the city and a public meeting place. The building of Dokk1 and the associated squares and streetscape is also collectively known as Urban Mediaspace Aarhus and it is the largest construction project Aarhus municipality has ever undertaken. Apart from this large main library, some neighbourhoods in Aarhus have a local library engaged in similar cultural and educational activities, but on a more local scale. There are also several cultural and community centres scattered throughout the city. This includes Folkestedet in the central , facilitating events for and by non-commercial associations, organisations and clubs, and activities for the elderly, the nearby at the railway yard, with workshops, events and exhibitions, and Globus1 in facilitating sports and various cultural activities. The Statsbiblioteket at the university campus has status of a. The city is a member of the ICORN organisation in an effort to provide a safe haven to authors and writers persecuted in their countries of origin. Musikhuset is the largest concert hall in Scandinavia, with seating for more than 3,600 people. Other major music venues include VoxHall, rebuilt in 1999, and the associated venue of Atlas, Train nightclub at the harbourfront, and , a former rail freight station. Since the 1970s, the city has seen major developments on the pop and rock scene, with the arrival of many acclaimed bands such as , , , , , , , , , and in addition to popular individual performers like , and. Since 2010 the music production centre of PROMUS Produktionscentret for Rytmisk Musik has supported the rock scene in the city along with the publicly funded ROSA Dansk Rock Samråd , which promotes Danish rock music in general. The acting scene in Aarhus is diverse, with many groups and venues engaged in a broad span of genres, from and to and. Aarhus Teater is the oldest and largest venue with mostly professional classical acting performances. Svalegangen, the second largest theatre, is more experimental with its performances and other notable groups and venues includes EntréScenen, Katapult, Gruppe 38, Helsingør Teater, Det Andet Teater and Teater Refleksion as well as venues like Bora Bora. The cultural center of includes several scenes and stages and the Concert Halls of Musikhuset also stage theatrical plays regularly and is home to the children's theatre Filuren and a comedy club. The city hosts a biannual international theatre festival, International Living Theatre ILT , with the next event being scheduled for 2019. Events and festivals Aarhus Festuge Aarhus hosts many annual or recurring festivals, concerts and events, with the festival of as the most popular and wide-ranging, along with large sports events. It is the largest multicultural festival in Scandinavia, always based on a special theme and takes place every year for ten days between late August and early September, transforming the inner city with festive activities and decorations of all kinds. The annual boatrace at the University campus There are numerous music festivals; the eight-day features jazz in many venues across the city. It was founded in 1988 and takes place in either July, August or September every year. There are several annually recurring music festivals for contemporary popular music in Aarhus. It is a new event, founded in 2010, but grew from a one-day event to a three-day festival in its first three years, now with 35,000 paying guests in 2015. The outdoor music festival takes place every year in many cities across Denmark, including Aarhus. Denmark's ugliest Festival is a small summer music festival held in ,. There are several recurring niche festivals in Aarhus. Aarhus also hosts recurring events dedicated to specific art genres. International Living theatre ILT is a bi-annual festival, established in 2009, with and stage art on a broad scale. The festival has a vision of showing the best plays and stage art experiences of the world, by presenting the best stage art companies of the world, while at the same time attracting stage art interested people from both Aarhus and Europe at large. The city actively promotes its community and celebrates the annual gay pride festival while Aarhus Festuge usually includes exhibits, concerts and events designed for the LGBT communities. Notable events of a local scope include the boat-race, held in the University Park since 1991, which has become a local spectator event attracting some 20,000 people. The boat race pits costumed teams from the university departments against each other in inflatable boats in a challenge to win the Gyldne Bækken Golden Chamber Pot trophy. The annual lighting of the Christmas lights on the department store in has also become an attraction in recent times, packing the pedestrianised city centre with thousands of revellers. Significant dates such as , Sankt Hans and are traditionally celebrated with numerous events across the city. Parks, nature and recreation Sandy beaches, such as , form most of the coastline. The beech forests of and occupy the hills along the coast to the north and south, and apart from the city centre, sandy beaches form the coastline of the entire municipality. There are two public seabaths, the northern below Riis Skov and close to the harbour area, and the southern in the Marselisborg Forests. As in most of Denmark, there are no private beaches in the municipality, but access to Den Permanente requires a membership, except in the summer. Blooming cherry trees and Marselisborg Palace in The relatively mild, temperate marine climate, allows for outdoor recreation year round, including walking, hiking, cycling and outdoor team sports. Mountain biking is usually restricted to marked routes. Watersports like sailing, kayaking, motor boating, etc. Recreational and transportational pathways for pedestrians and cyclists, radiate from the city centre to the countryside, providing safety from motorised vehicles and a more tranquil experience. This includes the 30 kilometre long pathway of Brabrandstien, encircling the. The long-range hiking route Aarhus-, starts off from Brabrandstien. Aarhus has an unusually high number of parks and green spaces, 134 of them, covering a total area of around 550 ha 1,400 acres. The central Botanisk Have from 1875 are a popular destination, as they include open-air museum and host a number of events throughout the year. Originally used to cultivate fruit trees and other useful plants for the local citizens, there are now a significant collection of trees and bushes from different habitats and regions of the world, including a section devoted to native Danish plants. Recently renovated tropical and subtropical greenhouses, exhibit exotic plants from throughout the world. Also in the city centre is the undulating , recognised for its unique landscaped design with large old oak trees. The Mindeparken at the coast below Marselisborg Palace, offers a panoramic view across the and is popular with locals for outings, picnics or events. Other notable parks include the small central Rådhusparken and Marienlystparken. Marienlyst Park is a relatively new park from 1988, situated in out of the inner city and is less crowded, but it is the largest park in Aarhus, including woodlands, large open grasslands and soccer fields. Marselisborg Forests and Riis Skov, has a long history for recreational activities of all kinds, including several restaurants, hotels and opportunities for. There are marked routes here for jogging, running and mountain biking and large events are hosted regularly. This includes running events, and , the annual Classic Race Aarhus with historic racing cars, all attracting thousands of people. Marselisborg Dyrehave in Marselisborg Forests, comprises 22 ha 54 acres of fenced woodland pastures with free-roaming and. Below the in the southern parts of the Marselisborg Forests, is a large historical landscape of pastures and woodlands, presenting different eras of Denmark's prehistory. Sections of the forest comprise trees and vegetation representing specific climatic epochs from the to the present. Dotted across the landscape are reconstructed Stone Age and Bronze Age graves, buildings from the Iron Age, Viking Age and medieval times, with grazing goats, sheep and horses in between. Food, drink and nightlife Aarhus presents a large variety of restaurants. Aarhus has a large variety of restaurants and eateries offering food from cultures all over the world, especially Mediterranean and Asian, but also international gourmet cuisine, and. Among the oldest restaurants are Rådhuscafeen lit. The City Hall Café , opened in 1924, serving a menu of traditional Danish meals, and Peter Gift from 1906, a tavern with a broad beer selection and a menu of and other Danish dishes. In Aarhus, New Nordic can be experienced at Kähler Villa Dining, Hærværk and Domestic, but local produce can be had at many places, especially at the twice-weekly food markets in Frederiksbjerg. Arhus and the was selected as in 2017. Appraised high-end restaurants serving international gourmet cuisine include Frederikshøj, Substans, Gastromé, Det Glade Vanvid, Nordisk Spisehus, Restaurant Varna, Restaurant ET, GÄST, Restaurant Royal, Møf and Pondus, all considered among the best places to eat in Denmark. Restaurants in Aarhus were the first in provincial Denmark to receive since 2015, when Michelin inspectors ventured outside Copenhagen for the first time. Aarhus Street Food, one of two new indoor food halls Vendors of street food are numerous throughout the centre, often selling from small trailers on permanent locations formally known as lit. There are increasingly more outlets inspired by other cultural flavours such as , and. The city centre is packed with cafés, especially along the river and the. Some of them also include an evening restaurant, such as Café Casablanca, Café Carlton, Café Cross and Gyngen. Aarhus Street Food and Aarhus Central Food Market are two indoor from 2016 in the city centre, comprising a variety of street food restaurants, cafés and bars. Cheese stand at the local food markets on Frederiksbjerg Aarhus has a robust and diverse nightlife. The action tends to concentrate in the inner city, with the pedestrianised riverside, Frederiksgade, the Latin Quarter, and Jægergårdsgade on Frederiksbjerg as the most active centres at night, but things are stirring elsewhere around the city too. The nightlife scene offers everything from small joints with cheap alcohol and a homely atmosphere to fashionable night clubs serving champagne and cocktails or small and large music venues with bars, dance floors and lounges. A short selection of well-established places where you can have a drink and socialise, include the fashionable lounge and night club of Kupé at the harbour front, the relaxed Ris Ras Filliongongong offering and an award-winning beer selection, Fatter Eskild with a broad selection of Danish bands playing mostly blues and rock, the and of Løve's in Nørregade, Sherlock Holmes, a British-style with live music and the of Sct. Clemens with restaurant across the cathedral. There are several clubs, discos and cafés aimed at gays and lesbians, including Danish D-lite sports , Gbar and Gaia Vandreklub hiking club. The Århus Set : Århus Sæt is a set of drinks often ordered together, named for the city and consisting of two beverages, one beer and one shot , both originally from Aarhus. Aarhus Bryghus is a local with a sizeable production. The brewery is located in the southern district of Viby and a large variety of their craft brews are available there, in most larger well-assorted stores in the city, and in some bars and restaurants as well. Local dialect See also: The Aarhus dialect, commonly called Aarhusiansk Aarhusian in English , is a in the , traditionally spoken in and around Aarhus. Aarhusian, as with most local dialects in Denmark, has diminished in use through the 20th century and most Danes today speak some version of Standard Danish with slight regional features. Aarhusian, however, still has a strong presence in older segments of the population and in areas with high numbers of immigrants, surprisingly. Some examples of common, traditional and unique Aarhusian words are: træls tiresome , noller silly or dumb and dælme. Like other dialects in East Jutland, it has two , similar to Standard Danish, but different from West Jutlandic dialects, which have only one. In 2009, the University of Aarhus compiled a list of contemporary public figures who best exemplify the dialect, including , , , , , and. In popular culture, the dialect features prominently in 's movie Aarhus by Night and in 90s comedy sketches by Jacob Haugaard and. Ceres Park in Aarhus has three major men's professional sports teams: the AGF , 's , and 's. Notable or historic clubs include , and. The five sailing clubs routinely win national and international titles in a range of disciplines and the future national watersports stadium will be located on the in the city centre. The Bakken Bears have most recently won the Danish basketball championships in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. The municipality actively supports sports organisations in and around the city, providing public organisations that aim to attract major sporting events and strengthen professional sports. The counts some 380 sports organisations within the municipality and about one third of the population are members of one. Soccer is by far the most popular sport followed by , and. In recent decades, many free and public sports facilities have sprung up across the city, such as , basketball, , and. Several natural sites also offer , with exercise equipment installed along the paths and tracks reserved for. The newly reconstructed area of is a prime example. Aarhus has hosted many sporting events including the , the , the , the 2005 , the in , the , the 2006 , the and the women's handball. Aarhus is on average host to one or two international sailing competitions every year and hosted the in 2008 and will in 2018 host the , the world championship for the 12 Olympic sailing disciplines and an important qualifier for the 2020 Olympics. Aarhus is the principal centre for education in the Jutland region. It draws students from a large area, especially from the western and southern parts of the peninsula. The relatively large influx of young people and students creates a natural base for cultural activities. Aarhus has the greatest concentration of students in Denmark, fully 12% of citizens attending short, medium or long courses of study. In addition to around 25 institutions of higher education, several research forums have evolved to assist in the transfer of expertise from education to business. The city is home to more than 52,000 students. It is among the top 100 universities in the world by several of the most influential and respected rankings. The university has approximately 41,500 and students enrolled as well as about 1,500 PhD students. It is possible to engage in higher academic studies in many areas, from the traditional spheres of , and theology to more vocational academic areas like engineering and. The academic level technical aspects are covered in a collaboration with Aarhus Tech, and. The DMJX is the oldest and largest of the colleges, offering journalism courses since 1946, with approximately 1,700 students as of 2014. DMJX has been an independent institution since 1974, conducting research and teaching at undergraduate level, and in 2004, master's courses in journalism was established in a collaboration with Aarhus University. The latter is offered through the Centre for University studies in Journalism, granting degrees through the university. The Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium is a , established under the auspices of the in 1927. In 2010, it merged administratively with the Royal Academy of Music in Aalborg, which was founded in 1930. Under the patronage of His Royal Highness , it offers graduate level studies in areas such as music teaching, and solo and professional musicianship. It offers over 50 higher educations, taught in Danish or sometimes in English, with vocational education and it participates in various research and development projects. Arkitektskolen Aarhus was founded in 1965. Along with the of Copenhagen, it is responsible for the education of architects in Denmark. With an enrolment of approximately 900 students, it teaches in five main departments: architecture and aesthetics, urban and landscape, architectonic heritage, design and architectural design. Also of note is and several other higher education centres. Aarhus has two ; , roughly encircling the central district of Aarhus C, and the outlying. Six major intercity motorways radiate from the city centre, connecting with the nearby cities of , , , , and. In the inner city, motorised traffic is highly regulated, larger parts are pedestrianised and in the 2000s, a system of roads prioritised for cyclists have been implemented, connecting to suburban areas. Transport in Aarhus harbour The main railway station in Aarhus is located in the city centre. It is the first electric light rail system in Denmark and more routes are planned to open in coming years. Tickets for the light rail are also valable in local yellow bus lines. Most city bus lines go through the inner city and pass through either or , or both. Regional and Inter-city buses terminate at Aarhus Bus Terminal, just east of the central station. The long-distance buses of linie888 connect Aarhus to other cities in Jutland and. Bike parking at the central station. Ferries administered by Danish ferry company transports passengers and motorvehicles between Aarhus and on. The ferries comprises and , the world's largest diesel-powered , and. The larger is situated 95 km 59 mi south-west of Aarhus. Regarding air transport, Aarhus is served by the in Tirstrup about 35 km 22 mi northeast of the city centre. There has been much discussion about constructing a new airport closer to the city for many years, but so far, no plans have been realised. In August 2014, the city council officially initiated a process to assert the viability of a new international airport. A small now operates four flights daily between Aarhus harbour and Copenhagen harbour. Aarhus has a free bike sharing system, Aarhus City Bikes. The bicycles are available from 1 April to 30 October at 57 stands throughout the city and can be obtained by placing a DKK 20 coin in the release slot, like caddies in a supermarket. The coin can be retrieved when the bike is returned. Bicycles can also be hired from many shops. The university hospital is the result of a series of mergers in the 2000s between the former hospitals , the , the , and. It is today the largest hospital in Denmark with a combined staff of some 10,000 and 1,150 patient beds, across five locations. In 2012 construction of Det Nye Universitetshospital The New University Hospital began which ending in 2019 will centralise all departments by expanding the former Skejby Sygehus to 410,000 square metres 4,400,000 sq ft with an additional 50,000 square metres 540,000 sq ft for a new psychiatric centre. The hospital is divided in four clinical centres, a service centre and one administrative unit along with twelve research centres. It was ranked the best hospital in Denmark in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Private hospitals specialised in different areas from plastic surgery to fertility treatments operate in Aarhus as well. Ciconia Aarhus Private Hospital founded in 1984 is a leading Danish fertility clinic and the first of its kind in Denmark. Ciconia has provided for the birth of 6,000 children by artificial insemination and continually conducts research into the field of fertility. Aagaard Clinic, established in 2004, is another private fertility and clinic which since 2004 has undertaken fertility treatments that has resulted in 1550 births. The Aarhus TV tower, height 261 m 856 ft The first daily newspaper to appear in Aarhus was , established in 1794 as Aarhuus Stifts Adresse-Contoirs Tidender, with a moderately conservative approach. Once one of Denmark's largest, it was a leading provincial newspaper for a time, but after the Second World War it increasingly faced competition from 1884—1974 and Jyllands-Posten, both published in Aarhus. In 1998, it merged with Randers Amtsavis and is now run by Midtjyske Medier, part of. The daily newspaper of Jyllandsposten today known as was established in 1871 in Aarhus, and takes a generally right-wing editorial approach. With a reputation as a serious news publication, the paper has always included news from in particular, but somewhat less so since its promotion as a national newspaper Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten in the 1960s. Today it is one of the three leading serious newspapers in Denmark, the others being and. Jyllands-Posten publishes JP Aarhus, a section dedicated to news in and around Aarhus, and hosted a free cityguide website from 2010 to 2016. The Copenhagen-based media company of Politiken, also publishes several free local papers once a week in parts of Denmark and Sweden. In Aarhus, they publish a total of five local newspapers; Aarhus Midt, Aarhus Nord, Aarhus Vest, Aarhus Syd and Aarhus Weekend. It runs the DR Østjylland radio programme, provides local contributions to , and produces local regional television programmes. In 1990, established its Jutland headquarters in but moved to in northern Aarhus in 1999. The station broadcasts regional news and current affairs television and radio programmes. Since 2012, it has run its own TV channel,. Aarhus has its own local TV channel TVAarhus, transmitting since 1984. After an agreement on 1 July 2014, TVAarhus can be watched by 130,000 households in Aarhus, making it the largest cable-transmitted local TV channel in Denmark. With over 1,700 students, the Danmarks Medie- og Journalisthøjskole is the country's largest and oldest school of journalism. The school works closely with Aarhus University, where the first journalism course was established in 1946. In 2004, the two institutions established the Centre for University Studies in Journalism, which offers master's courses. Retrieved 8 April 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016. Aarhus 2018 Sailing World Championships. Retrieved 16 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2017. 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Retrieved 28 July 2014. Behind the church is Aarhus Cathedral School, also with an 800-year history. In Britain, one in five marry a co-worker, but half of all workplace romances end within three months. Dating can happen for people in most age groups with the possible exception of children. Ravnsbjerg Kirken Ravens-hill Church in Viby is a monumental modernist church in red-brown brick from 1976 and with an interior clearly inspired by Norse pagan mythology. There is some activity around the central square of Viby Torv, but otherwise these southern parts of town are predominantly residential. The bishopric and the town's geographical location propelled prosperous growth and development of the early medieval town. Aarhus Street Food, one of two new indoor food halls Vendors of street food are numerous throughout the centre, often selling from small trailers on permanent locations formally known as lit. It is a new event, founded in 2010, but grew from a one-day event to a three-day festival in its first three years, now with 35,000 paying guests in 2015.